Download Debian 10 DVD ISO Images from Official Sources
How to Download and Install Debian 10 DVD 1 2 3
Debian is a free and open-source operating system based on the Linux kernel. It is one of the oldest and most popular Linux distributions, with a reputation for stability, security, and versatility. Debian 10, also known as Buster, is the latest stable release of Debian, which was released in July 2019 and will be supported until 2024.
In this article, we will show you how to download and install Debian 10 DVD 1 2 3, which are the first three DVD images of the complete set of Debian 10 installation media. We will also explain what are the features and benefits of Debian 10, and what are the differences between the DVD images.
download file iso debian 10 dvd 1 2 3
What is Debian 10 and Why Use It?
Debian 10 is the result of more than two years of development by the Debian Project, a community of volunteers who collaborate to create and maintain a high-quality operating system. Debian 10 offers many improvements and new features over its predecessor, Debian 9, such as:
Debian 10 Features and Benefits
A new default desktop environment, GNOME 3.30, which provides a modern and user-friendly interface.
An updated Linux kernel, version 4.19, which supports more hardware devices and enhances performance and security.
A new display server, Wayland, which replaces the old X.Org server and offers better graphics support and smoother animations.
A new init system, systemd, which replaces the old SysVinit system and provides faster boot times and better service management.
A new network interface naming scheme, which uses predictable and consistent names for network devices instead of eth0, eth1, etc.
A new apparmor framework, which enhances security by enforcing access control policies for applications.
A new version of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), version 8.3, which supports more programming languages and standards.
A new version of the GNU C Library (glibc), version 2.28, which improves compatibility and performance.
A new version of the Python programming language, version 3.7, which is faster and more feature-rich than Python 2.7.
A new version of the Perl programming language, version 5.28, which offers better Unicode support and bug fixes.
A new version of the PHP scripting language, version 7.3, which is more secure and efficient than PHP 5.6.
A new version of the MariaDB database management system, version 10.3, which is a fork of MySQL with more features and stability.
A new version of the Apache web server, version 2.4.38, which supports HTTP/2 protocol and TLS encryption.
A new version of the OpenSSH secure shell client and server, version 7.9p1, which supports more cryptographic algorithms and key types.
A new version of the LibreOffice office suite, version 6.1.5, which supports more file formats and has a redesigned user interface.
These are just some of the highlights of Debian 10. For a full list of changes and updates, you can check out the Debian release notes.
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Debian 10 DVD Images and Differences
To install Debian on a machine without an Internet connection, you can use CD or DVD images that contain all the files necessary for a standard Debian system . There are different types of CD or DVD images available for Debian 10, depending on your needs and preferences. The main types are:
Official images: These are the official images provided by the Debian Project, which contain the packages from the main section of the Debian archive. The main section includes only free software that complies with the Debian Free Software Guidelines. The official images are divided into three categories: netinst, live, and full.
Non-free images: These are unofficial images that include some non-free software that may be required for some hardware devices or applications. The non-free software does not comply with the Debian Free Software Guidelines and is not supported by the Debian Project. The non-free images are also divided into netinst, live, and full categories.
Blended images: These are unofficial images that include some packages from other Debian blends, which are customized Debian distributions for specific purposes or audiences. For example, there are blended images for education, multimedia, science, gaming, etc. The blended images may also include some non-free software.
In this article, we will focus on the full DVD images, which contain all the packages from the main section of the Debian archive that can fit on a single DVD. There are 16 full DVD images for Debian 10, each with a size of about 4.4 GB. The first three DVD images (DVD 1 2 3) are enough to install a complete Debian system with a graphical desktop environment and most common applications. The remaining DVD images (DVD 4 to 16) contain additional packages that may be useful for some users, but are not essential for a basic Debian system.
The difference between the DVD images is mainly in the order of the packages they contain. The first DVD image (DVD 1) contains the most popular and important packages, such as the base system, the Linux kernel, the GNU utilities, the Debian installer, the GNOME desktop environment, the LibreOffice office suite, the Firefox web browser, etc. The second DVD image (DVD 2) contains less popular or less important packages, such as alternative desktop environments (KDE, Xfce, LXDE, etc.), additional languages and fonts, some development tools, etc. The third DVD image (DVD 3) contains even less popular or less important packages, such as games, documentation, multimedia codecs, etc.
The order of the packages on the DVD images is determined by a popularity contest system, which collects statistics from users who voluntarily participate in it. The popularity contest system ranks the packages according to how often they are installed and used by Debian users. The more popular a package is, the higher it is ranked and the earlier it appears on the DVD images.
How to Download Debian 10 DVD Images
There are two main ways to download Debian 10 DVD images: using HTTP/FTP mirrors or using BitTorrent. Both methods have their advantages and disadvantages, depending on your Internet connection speed and reliability.
Using HTTP/FTP Mirrors
HTTP/FTP mirrors are servers that host copies of the Debian 10 DVD images and allow you to download them directly using a web browser or a download manager. There are hundreds of HTTP/FTP mirrors around the world, so you can choose one that is close to your location and has a good bandwidth. You can find a list of HTTP/FTP mirrors on the Debian website.
To download Debian 10 DVD images using HTTP/FTP mirrors, you need to follow these steps:
Go to the Debian website and click on "Getting Debian".
Select your preferred architecture (32-bit or 64-bit) and click on "Download CD/DVD images using HTTP or FTP".
Select a mirror that is close to your location and has a good bandwidth.
Navigate to the directory that contains the Debian 10 DVD images. It should be something like /debian-cd/current/amd64/iso-dvd/ for 64-bit architecture or /debian-cd/current/i386/iso-dvd/ for 32-bit architecture.
Download the first three DVD images (debian-10.X.X-amd64-DVD-1.iso, debian-10.X.X-amd64-DVD-2.iso, debian-10.X.X-amd64-DVD-3.iso) or as many as you need. Replace X.X with the latest minor version number of Debian 10.
Verify the integrity of the downloaded files using checksums or signatures. You can find the checksums and signatures files in the same directory as the DVD images.
The advantages of using HTTP/FTP mirrors are:- You can choose the best mirror for your location and bandwidth.
- You can resume the download if it is interrupted or paused.
- You can use a download manager to speed up the download and manage multiple files.
The disadvantages of using HTTP/FTP mirrors are:
You may encounter slow or unreliable mirrors that affect the download speed and quality.
You may face network congestion or bandwidth limitations that reduce the download speed and increase the download time.
You may need to download a large amount of data, especially if you want all the DVD images, which can consume your disk space and Internet quota.
Using BitTorrent
BitTorrent is a peer-to-peer file sharing protocol that allows you to download Debian 10 DVD images from other users who have already downloaded them or are downloading them at the same time. BitTorrent uses a distributed network of peers to share the files, which reduces the load on the servers and increases the download speed and reliability. You can find the BitTorrent files for Debian 10 DVD images on the Debian website.
To download Debian 10 DVD images using BitTorrent, you need to follow these steps:
Go to the Debian website and click on "Getting Debian".
Select your preferred architecture (32-bit or 64-bit) and click on "Download CD/DVD images with BitTorrent".
Download the first three BitTorrent files (debian-10.X.X-amd64-DVD-1.iso.torrent, debian-10.X.X-amd64-DVD-2.iso.torrent, debian-10.X.X-amd64-DVD-3.iso.torrent) or as many as you need. Replace X.X with the latest minor version number of Debian 10.
Open the BitTorrent files with a BitTorrent client, such as qBittorrent, Transmission, or uTorrent.
Start the download and wait for it to finish. The BitTorrent client will automatically verify the integrity of the downloaded files.
The advantages of using BitTorrent are:
You can benefit from the high speed and reliability of the peer-to-peer network, which does not depend on the server availability or performance.
You can contribute to the Debian community by seeding (sharing) the files with other users after you finish downloading them.
You can download only the parts of the files that you need, which can save your disk space and Internet quota.
The disadvantages of using BitTorrent are:
You may need to install a BitTorrent client if you do not have one already.
You may face legal or ethical issues if you use BitTorrent in a network that prohibits or restricts its use.
You may expose your IP address and other information to other users in the peer-to-peer network, which may compromise your privacy and security.
How to Install Debian 10 from DVD Images
Once you have downloaded the Debian 10 DVD images, you can install Debian 10 on your machine using a bootable USB drive or a CD-R. You will need a USB drive with at least 4.4 GB of free space or a blank CD-R for each DVD image. You will also need a tool to create the bootable media, such as Rufus, Etcher, or Brasero.
Creating a Bootable USB Drive or CD-R
To create a bootable USB drive or a CD-R from the Debian 10 DVD images, you need to follow these steps:
Insert the USB drive or the CD-R into your machine.
Open the tool that you want to use to create the bootable media, such as Rufus, Etcher, or Brasero.
Select the Debian 10 DVD image (debian-10.X.X-amd64-DVD-1.iso) that you want to use as the source file. Replace X.X with the latest minor version number of Debian 10.
Select the USB drive or the CD-R that you want to use as the destination device.
Start the process and wait for it to finish. The tool will copy the DVD image to the USB drive or the CD-R and make it bootable.
Repeat the process for the other DVD images (debian-10.X.X-amd64-DVD-2.iso and debian-10.X.X-amd64-DVD-3.iso) if you want to use them.
The advantages of using a USB drive are:
You can reuse the USB drive for other purposes after installing Debian 10.
You can store more than one DVD image on a single USB drive if it has enough space.
You can boot faster and install faster from a USB drive than from a CD-R.
The disadvantages of using a USB drive are:
You may need to change the boot order or enable the USB boot option in your BIOS settings to boot from the USB drive.
You may encounter compatibility issues with some machines that do not support booting from USB drives.
You may damage or lose the USB drive if you are not careful with it.
The advantages of using a CD-R are:
You do not need to change the boot order or enable any option in your BIOS settings to boot from the CD-R.
You can use the CD-R on any machine that has a CD-ROM drive.
You can keep the CD-R as a backup or a souvenir of Debian 10.
The disadvantages of using a CD-R are:
You cannot reuse the CD-R for other purposes after installing Debian 10.
You need one CD-R for each DVD image, which can be costly and wasteful.
You may boot slower and install slower from a CD-R than from a USB drive.
Booting from the USB Drive or CD-R
To boot from the USB drive or CD-R that contains the Debian 10 DVD image, you need to follow these steps:
Insert the USB drive or the CD-R into your machine.
Restart your machine and press the appropriate key to enter the boot menu. The key may vary depending on your machine model and manufacturer, but it is usually F12, F9, F8, F2, Esc, or Del.
Select the USB drive or the CD-R as the boot device and press Enter.
Wait for the Debian installer to load and display a welcome screen with several options. You can choose between graphical install, install, advanced options, help, and accessibility options. We recommend choosing graphical install for an easier and more user-friendly installation process.
Following the Graphical Installer Steps
To install Debian 10 from the graphical installer, you need to follow these steps:
Select your language and press Continue.
Select your location and press Continue.
Select your keyboard layout and press Continue.
Enter a hostname for your machine and press Continue. The hostname is a name that identifies your machine on a network. You can use any name that you like, but avoid using spaces or special characters.
Enter a domain name for your machine and press Continue. The domain name is an optional name that groups your machine with other machines on a network. You can leave it blank if you do not have one or do not know what it is.
Enter a root password for your machine and press Continue. The root password is a password that gives you full administrative access to your machine. You should use a strong and secure password that you can remember, but avoid using common or easy-to-guess passwords.
Enter a full name for the first user account and press Continue. The first user account is a normal user account that you will use for your daily tasks. You can use your real name or any name that you like, but avoid using spaces or special characters.
Enter a username for the first user account and press Continue. The username is a name that you will use to log in to your machine. It is usually derived from your full name, but you can use any name that you like, as long as it is lowercase and does not contain spaces or special characters.
Enter a password for the first user account and press Continue. The password is a password that protects your user account from unauthorized access. You should use a strong and secure password that you can remember, but avoid using common or easy-to-guess passwords.
Select your time zone and press Continue.
Select the partitioning method for your disk and press Continue. The partitioning method is the way that you divide your disk into different sections for storing data. You can choose between guided partitioning, which lets the installer do the partitioning for you, or manual partitioning, which lets you do the partitioning yourself. We recommend choosing guided partitioning for an easier and safer installation process.
Select the disk that you want to partition and press Continue. The disk is the physical device that stores your data. You should choose the disk that corresponds to the USB drive or the CD-R that contains the Debian 10 DVD image.
Select the partitioning scheme for your disk and press Continue. The partitioning scheme is the way that